'Hockey sticks' global warming graph

Date: 1998

Creator: Michael E. Mann and co-workers

• Published in an influential 1998 Nature article, Mann et al, Global-Scale Temperature Patterns and Climate Forcing Over the Past Six Centuries.
• Visualization of implied anthropogenic induced global warming provoked significant controversy and frequent reworkings of both data series and its representation, for example in the Third IPCC report.
  

(Source: Brumfiel G, (2006) "Academy affirms hockey-stick graph", Nature 441, 1032-33.)

ITE Land Cover Map of Britain

Date: 1993

Creators: Robin Fuller and co-workers

(Source: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/products/publications/documents/23global2.pdf)

• Pioneering digital processing of LANDSAT TM satellite imagery to produce a useful 25 class land cover map of Britain. Described in 1994 research article by Fuller et al, The Land Cover Map of Great Britain: An Automated Classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper Data in the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
• The work has had significant impacts across discipline, offering one of first automated processes of land cover database compilation.
  

The Shrinking World
Date: 1939
Creator: Eugene Staley

(Sources: Image from Schäfer W. (2005) “Ptolemy's Revenge: A Critique of Historical Cartography,” Coordinates. Online Journal of the Map and Geography Round Table, American Library Association.)

• Illustration in Staley’s 1939 monograph World Economy in Transition.
• Perhaps the first visual representation of the impact of technical progress on global travel time.
• Shrinking world concept popularised in the literature of globalization, for example in books such as Peter Dicken’s Global Shift and as an illustration of time-space compression by David Harvey in The Condition of Postmodernity.
  

(Source: Harvey D. (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell p. 241, plate 3.1.)

Maps Descriptive of London Poverty

Date: 1886-1903

Creator: Charles Booth (1840-1916)

(Source: Charles Booth online archive, http://booth.lse.ac.uk.)

• Original publication associated with Booths's Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People in London.

• Strongly influential on the study of geographies of inequality. Key start point for much thematic mapping, census cartography and descriptive analysis of social geography; e.g. CASA's London Profiler.
  

Booth-influenced London Profiler, 2008.

The Naked City - The Situationists

Date: 1957

Creator: Guy Debord (1931 - 1994)

(Source: www.intelligentagent.com/archive/Vol6_No2_interactive_city_sant.htm)

• This subversive mapping was exhibited in 1957 in the First Psychogeographic Exhibition in Paris.

• Strongly iconic of alternative re-imaginings of the city and of the non-representational turn in cultural geography – inspiring numerous contemporary derives and artistic and activist engagements with the urban condition; e.g. Christian Nold’s biomapping of emotions.

Debord-inspiredEmotion mapping of London, 2004.

Mapping emotional arousal around the Royal Geographical Society……
(Source: www.biomapping.net/old.htm)

Burgess concentric ring model

Date: 1925

Creator: Ernest W. Burgess (1886 - 1966)

(Source: Park, R., Burgess, E.W. and McKenzie, R.D. (1925) The City.)

• First published in 1925 in Burgess’ chapter in Park et al. The City.

• First and strongly iconic neo-classical spatial model of urban structure to explain distribution of social classes in the city invoking bid rent curves.

• Came to represent views of the Chicago School and strongly influenced other modellers such as Hoyt, Harris and Ulmann and subsequent quantifiers in Urban Social Geography.

(Source: http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/APHG/Unit%206/urbannotes.htm)

The 'Bullard Fit' - hteory of continental drift
Date: 1965
Creators: Edward Bullard (1907 - 1980) and co-workers

(Source: Bullard, E. C., Everett, J. E., & Smith, A. G. (1965). The fit of the continents around the Atlantic. In A Symposium on Continental Drift, Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, Series A, 258, 41-51.)

• Published in a 1965 research article by Bullard et al, The Fit of the Continents Around the Atlantic in Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions.

• Anteceded by numerous mappings of the apparent Atlantic fit of continents (notably Alfred Wegener's Origin of the Continents and Oceans) Bullard and his co-workers produced the first computer-generated map of the 1000 metre isobath fit, and in so doing contributed to the plate tectonic revolution.

(Source: Wegener A. (1915) Origin of the Continents and Oceans.)